Psoriasis is an immune-mediated condition, meaning the immune system mistakenly drives inflammation and rapid skin cell turnover. It isn't contagious, and it isn't caused by anything you've done. A genetic predisposition plays a major role, and flares are commonly set off by:
Psoriasis occurs when the immune system drives skin cells to grow much faster than normal, causing cells to build up on the skin's surface before they're shed. This results in the raised, red, scaly patches (plaques) that are characteristic of the condition, most commonly on the elbows, knees, scalp, and lower back, though it can affect any area including the nails.
Psoriasis presents in several forms:
Treatment is tailored to how much of the body is affected and how it's impacting your life, and typically follows a step-up approach:
Your dermatologist will recommend a treatment plan based on severity, which areas are affected, and your overall health, and treatment is often adjusted over time as psoriasis changes.
We recommend seeing a dermatologist if:
Yes — psoriasis is increasingly understood as a systemic condition rather than one that's purely skin-deep. Around one in three people with psoriasis will develop psoriatic arthritis, which causes joint pain, stiffness, and swelling, and can lead to permanent joint damage if not identified and treated early. Nail changes, such as pitting, thickening, or separation from the nail bed, are also common.
Psoriasis is also associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes, thought to be linked to the same underlying inflammation driving the skin condition. Because of this, dermatologists often ask about joint symptoms and general health as part of psoriasis care, not just the skin itself.